1107, 6 December (2013). Regardless of whether the process was delayed or expedited, repatriation of trafficking victims had the potential to lead to serious health and protection risks in the countries of return, as well as increased costs and added difficulty due to quarantine requirements upon arrival. Julia F. Anderson Canadian financial institutions, FINTRAC (Canadas Financial Intelligence Unit), financial regulators, law enforcement, non-profit organizations, and technology companies collaborated to develop indicia of suspicious transactions of money laundering from sex trafficking. Nonetheless, the challenges uncovered by COVID-19 are monumental and may be long lasting, requiring sustained collaboration among governments, civil society organizations, private sector leaders, survivor leaders, and other anti-trafficking actors to adjust and respond aptly to overcome these challenges. Civil society organizations collaborated to promote information sharing and the availability of COVID-related service provision and anti-trafficking guidance remotely. These courageous efforts have pushed the government to start identifying these individuals as human trafficking victims. that senior government officials were involved in human trafficking, Rowley said the . The government reported sentencing 28 traffickers to at least one year imprisonment (30 in 2019). We need to overcome the years of institutional bias and discrimination by politicians trying to criminalize our use of bathrooms or marriages. Security sector assistance to Libya, while nascent, is used exclusively to tackle the underlying causes of the Libyan conflict and shape Libyas security institutions in a positive direction. Zambia It was only when I decided to escape my trafficker that I realized how pronounced racial injustice was in my community, particularly against human trafficking survivors with previous arrest records. While the TVPA already directs the Secretary to consider the extent to which officials participated in, facilitated, condoned, or were otherwise complicit in trafficking when determining tier rankings, this new section more directly links government involvement in trafficking crimes to a Tier 3 ranking. Police officers, immigration officers, customs officers and coast guard officers were also included in the extensive network of traffickers of humans in TT. The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) and the World Food Programme (WFP) conducted consultations with staff in high-risk duty stations on the prevention of sexual exploitation and abuse during COVID-19. PKO funded counter-terrorism assistance to Cameroon helps improve its capabilities to combat Boko Haram and ISIS-West Africa, which increases stability and protects civilians in the Lake Chad region. At the same time, human traffickers quickly adapted to capitalize on the vulnerabilities exposed and exacerbated by the pandemic. Over the past decade, two of the most highlighted conversations in the anti-trafficking movement have centered on the need to incorporate trauma-informed practices into anti-trafficking work and to invite survivors into leadership positions within organizations. Innovative AML compliance solutions that use big data, advanced analytics, network analysis, and, increasingly, artificial intelligence to monitor transactions and identify and report suspicious transactions can assist governments and the private sector in identifying and combating human trafficking networks. Denmark As required by law, this section summarizes actions taken by the UN, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and the OSCE to prevent trafficking in persons or the exploitation of victims of trafficking. Liberia The 2021 CSPA List Includes Governments of the Following Countries: Afghanistan Other traditional emergency response and support services, such as shelters, hospitals, and clinics, where victims might be identified were overburdened, at reduced capacity, or closed due to COVID-related restrictions or surges. The US Department of State urges the Government of Trinidad and Tobago to investigate fully and transparently any official suspected of complicity in human trafficking, and to seek conviction and sufficiently stringent punishment of any official found to be complicit, a spokesman from the US Embassy in Port of Spain said. Veronica Jablonski A US Embassy spokesperson said this on Tuesday . Embassy: Million$ spent to combat human trafficking in region in 2022 The justification for this determination and certification with respect to each country is set forth in this Memorandum. Timor-Leste The courageous voices of survivors, their family members abroad, researchers, and international advocacy groups have thoroughly documented the PRCs discriminatory use of surveillance technologies and trumped-up administrative and criminal charges to abduct and detain more than one million Muslims, including Uyghurs, ethnic Hui, ethnic Kazakhs, ethnic Kyrgyz, ethnic Tajiks, and ethnic Uzbeks, in as many as 1,200 state-run internment camps throughout Xinjiang. Many organizations consolidated lists of resources and online guidance on promising practices to provide support services to victims and survivors during the pandemic. The acts element of forced labor is met when the trafficker recruits, harbors, transports, provides, or obtains a person for labor or services. Benin When traffickers use debts as a means to compel labor or commercial sex, they have committed a crime. 65 allegations were made against military, police, and civilian personnel. Page 9: Picture Alliance Montenegro After four years and three promotions at work, I was told, you are too gay; if you want to continue working here, you will go back in the closet. I figured within the previous two months I had already lost my house, my family, and my college scholarshipat that point, what was my job? China As the UN-recognized government of Libya, the GNA and its military leaders are critical interlocutors in these discussions. Additionally, the military continued to rely on local communities to source labor and supplies, thereby perpetuating conditions enabling the forced labor of adults and children. Staff and relevant stakeholders should be able to observe the child from a separate room, where appropriate. Burkina Faso United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) Trafficking in Persons, https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/human-trafficking/index.html, United Nations Office of the High Commissioner on Human Rights, https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/hlpf, The Inter-agency Coordination Group against Trafficking in Persons (ICAT), Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, Supplementing the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime (A/RES/55/25) (2000), United Nations Global Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in Persons (A/RES/64/293) (2010), Political Declaration on the Implementation of the Global Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in Persons (2017) (A/RES/72/1), UNSC Resolutions on Trafficking in Persons in Conflict Situations 2331 (2016) , 2388 (2017) and 2493 (2019 S/RES/2493 ), UNODC Global Report on Trafficking in Persons (2020), Legislative Guide for the Implementation of the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children (2020), Model Legislative Provisions against Trafficking in Persons (2020), Female Victims of Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation as Defendants (2021), UNODC Toolkit for Mainstreaming Human Rights and Gender Equality into Criminal Justice Intervention to Address Trafficking in Persons and Smuggling of Migrants (2021), UN Sustainable Development Goal targets 5.2, 8.7, and 16.2 (SDGs), http://www.ilo.org/sapfl/Informationresources/ILOPublications/Byregion/Global/langen/index.htm, http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:1:0, -P029 Protocol of 2014 and Recommendation R203, supplementing the Forced Labour Convention (1930), -C105 Abolition of Forced Labour Convention (1957), -C182 Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention (1999), -C189 Domestic Workers Convention, and its Recommendation R201 (2011), ILO training package on inspection of labour conditions on board fishing vessels (2020), UN Special Rapporteur on Contemporary Forms of Slavery, UN Special Rapporteur on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution, and Child Pornography, AU Commission Initiative against Trafficking Campaign (AU.COMMIT), October 1, 2020, Virtual Event, 2nd Virtual Technical Meeting on Data Collection on Irregular Migration and Associated Protection Risks towards the Production of a Statistical Report on Human Trafficking and Migrant Smuggling in the Horn of Africa and Surrounding Region, January 23-24, 2020, Bishoftu, Ethiopia, National Stakeholder Workshop on the AU-Horn of Africa Mainstreaming Initiative for Countering Human Trafficking and Migrant Smuggling, (EU/Horn of Africa Migration Route Initiative), Khartoum Declaration on AU-Horn of Africa Initiative on Human Trafficking and Smuggling of Migrants (2014), Valletta Summit Political Declaration (2015), EU-Africa Action Plan on Migration and Mobility (2014-2017), ASEAN Convention Against Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children (2015), ASEAN Plan of Action Against Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children (2015), The Bali Process Guidelines for Information Sharing to Address People Smuggling, Trafficking in Persons and Related Transnational Crime, The Bali Process Handbook on Addressing Irregular Migration through Effective Information Campaigns, The Bali Process Policy Guides on Criminalizing Migrant Smuggling and Trafficking in Persons, The Bali Process Policy Guides on Identification and Protection of Victims of Trafficking, The Bali Process Policy Guide on Following the Money in Trafficking in Persons Cases, The Bali Process Policy Guide on Returns and Reintegration, Protecting Migrants at Sea: Practical Guide to Fulfilling International Obligations, Corruption as a facilitator of smuggling of migrants and trafficking in persons (2021), Program of Cooperation between the CIS Member States against Trafficking in Persons for 20142018, COMMIT 4th Sub-Regional Plan of Action (COMMIT SPA IV 2015-2018)Victim Identification and Referral Mechanisms: Common Guidelines for the Greater Mekong Sub-region. The GOI is taking effective and continuing steps to address the problem of child soldiers. Mary C. Ellison In 2019, Congress amended the TVPA to acknowledge that governments can also act as traffickers, referring specifically to a government policy or pattern of human trafficking, human trafficking in government-funded programs, forced labor in government-affiliated medical services or other sectors, sexual slavery in government camps, or the employment or recruitment of child soldiers. Page 42: Picture Alliance Cryptocurrency transactions, including those involving human trafficking, are recorded on public blockchains. The CPU raised awareness of child protection activities, through inter-ministerial meetings with the Ministry of Women and Human Rights, Internal Security, Justice, Health and Education, and developed and disseminated radio and print media content regarding the prevention of child recruitment and conscription in armed conflict. This has had cascading effects for local anti-trafficking organizations and their efforts, as many donors reneged on promised funds and funding opportunities diminished across the sector. In three years, I had slept with over 500 people. A Growing Number of People Experiencing Economic and Social Vulnerabilities. Khassanova also works closely with local police to assist victims of trafficking who choose to participate in criminal proceedings. A trafficker can target a victim after a victim applies for a job or migrates to earn a living. Throughout her longstanding and impressive career in law enforcement, she has led multiple trainings for government personnel. Rebecca Lesnak Despite this, the successes, the failures, and even the unknown results of the anti-trafficking response to COVID-19 allowed for new insights and solutions to pave a better path forward. In many cases, the photographs of individuals used in this report are not images of confirmed human trafficking victims. MANILA, Philippines (AP) Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte on Thursday publicly named 46 government officials, including three congressmen, he said are involved in illegal drugs, and added that criminal investigations against them are underway. We will seek to use our year-round engagement with governments, advocates, and the private sector to build a more effective anti-trafficking strategy rooted in equity. Ensure that benefits include mental health care for all staff members, including any survivors that are hired. As of April 5, no PKO funding was obligated in FY 2021. International Military Education and Training $76,098 Public statements by government officials against the unlawful recruitment and use of child soldiers and improvements in reporting, prevention, and protection mechanisms demonstrate that even with its limited capacity the Government of Yemen continues to address the issue. The Department has highlighted the vulnerability of LGBTQI+ individuals, the trafficking risks they face, and the challenges associated with victim identification and protection around the world. The rebels kidnapped and took Salih and his peers to the Houthi home base. Rebecca Morgan The DDR Committee works to equip former child soldiers with resources for income-generating activities and reintegrate them into their communities. Kazakhstan However, familial trafficking, which is unique and just beginning to be understood in the field, is difficult to identify because it takes place within family networks and victimizes children, many of whom are under 12 years of age, who may not realize they are victims. There is no limit on the location or type of industry. They may also be used to support the Community of SantEgidios facilitation of South Sudan peace talks. We arent victims because we chose this life. Germany Steven Davis Vietnam France J. Brett Hernandez Based on this knowledge, the field has adapted anti-trafficking efforts to support survivors in specific, appropriate, and effective ways. Tajikistan Despite the significant disruptions to efforts to combat this crime, the anti-trafficking community found ways to adapt and forged new relationships to overcome the challenges. Finally, as co-chair of the Task Force mandated by the UN High-Level Committee on Management to develop a common approach to combat TIP and forced labor in supply chains, the OSCE has closely worked with the UN system to coordinate these efforts among all major IOs. In 2020, the Government of Canada launched Project PROTECT to increase awareness of sex trafficking, as well as the quantity and quality of suspicious transaction reporting. The DHS Blue Campaign Visit disclaimer page works in collaboration with law enforcement, government, non-governmental, and private organizations and strives to protect the basic right of freedom and to bring those who exploit human lives to justice.. DHS plays a major role in identifying foreign national victims of trafficking. Some governments and organizations conducted in-depth assessments to identify the changing trends. Additionally it will improve or develop national referral systems and strengthen trafficking-in-people data collection, analysis and reporting. Korea, North Section 333 is used to support a related ISR effort to provide tactical Unmanned Aerospace Systems (UAS). Many of these migrant workers must abide by the kafala system, in effect mostly in the Gulf states (Bahrain, Iraq, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates), Jordan, and Lebanon. The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Doing so requires us to mitigate harmful practices and policies that cause socioeconomic or political vulnerabilities that traffickers often prey on. There is a connection and a disparity from police profiling, arrest, incarceration rates, sentencing, and recidivism. Page 619: Picture Alliance The governments efforts to address child soldiers are continually discussed at regular RJMEC and CTSAMVM meetings. Child-friendly spaces are an essential component to holistic victim-centered and trauma-informed care for child survivors of human trafficking. The 2021 report, which covers the period of April 1, 2020, to March 31, 2021, identified which governments around the world are meeting the minimum standards to eliminate human trafficking under . A list of drug-related corruption cases involving public officials during the 1983-1985 period is included. Access to information and translation services for trafficking victims was also a challenge, as victim support networks reduced services to a minimum. This must include coming to terms with our role in having perpetuated violence and dehumanized people, and we must work to right these past wrongs. Paraguay Page 17: Sara Hylton At first, it may not be apparent that acting on this information could have any harmful consequences. In 2019, Congress amended the TVPA to acknowledge that governments can also act as traffickers, referring specifically to a government policy or pattern of human trafficking, trafficking in government-funded programs, forced labor in government-affiliated medical services or other sectors, sexual slavery in government camps, or the employment or recruitment of child soldiers. The tendency of this pandemic to aggravate hardship requires the responsible implementation of increased protection measures that are responsive to the needs of individuals with coexisting vulnerabilities to human trafficking and COVID-19 infection. The owner kept Aarav from communicating with his family and threatened physical abuse if he tried to leave. When asking for the opinions and suggestions of these voices, be a conscious listener and follow through with implementing changes. Globally, an estimated 25 million people are subjected to human trafficking and forced labor, which is responsible for an estimated $150 billion annually in illicit profits. Iceland as featured by Yvette Young, BreeAna Johnson, Christopher Bidorini, and Erin Williamson, There are many jurisdictions that are predominantly White yet the most being exploited, arrested and children taken into custody are women of color. The UN TIP Protocol, which is widely ratified, mandates the criminalization of money laundering when proceeds are derived from humantrafficking and encourages signatories to promote international cooperation between their respective national authorities addressing money laundering. After three weeks of work, she was only paid US $23, far below the promised salary. the estimated number of victims of severe forms of trafficking is very significant or is significantly increasing and the country is not taking proportional concrete actions; or. When the tables turned onto me, I already knew their opinions. Page 49: Matilde Simas Laos Portugal Colombia In 2017, IOM estimated that 41 percent of child trafficking experiences are facilitated by family members and/or caregivers. In addition to GNA-aligned units, others, including the self-styled Libyan National Army, have engaged in the recruitment and use of child soldiers. Each year, the Department of State honors individuals around the world who have devoted their lives to the fight against human trafficking. Qatar Somalia Since joining the Attorney Generals Office, her team has obtained 73 human trafficking convictions, issued 152 indictments for human trafficking, and initiated 941 human trafficking investigations. NATO Policy on Combatting Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (2019), NATO Guidance for the development of training and educational programmes to support the policy on combating the trafficking in human beings (2004). Mexico Guedet Mandzela |Gabon, Stopping Human Trafficking and Sexual Exploitation and Abuse by International Peacekeepers and Civilian Personnel, International, Regional, and Sub-Regional Organizations Combating Trafficking In Persons, Annual Report on the Use of Child Soldiers, Sections 405(c) and (d) of the Child Soldiers Prevention Act (CSPA) of 2008 (22 U.S.C. 10 U.S.C. A safe space affords children privacy so they can talk about their experiences more freely. The chattel slavery system relied on the separation of family units during auctions and trading of enslaved people. In reality, they had grown in number and in size, with hundreds of thousands of victims graduating and being sent to larger and more technologically advanced prisons under false terrorism-related charges. When we couldnt pay, we slept on subways, in empty warehouses, in cars, or on couches. Withdrawing security sector assistance at a pivotal stage of negotiations could undermine the U.S. governments ability to achieve a durable cessation of hostilities in Libya. The United States recognizes two primary forms of trafficking in persons: forced labor and sex trafficking. She has diligently worked with community members, law enforcement and government officials, and other NGOs to ensure the country is proactively identifying victims and referring them to care. 7103 (d) (7) ). Uruguay The following is a product of the Human Trafficking Expert Consultant Network (the Network) funded by the TIP Office. In FY 2020, support is expected to expand to include efforts to strengthen Nigerian cadre and training facilities at their basic and advanced infantry schools. It wasnt until my adult years that I was able to process how closely this aligned with racial oppression. Togo In addition to reforming the kafala system, governments should also consider ratifying the ILO Domestic Workers Convention, 2011 (No. The number of arrests reported for human trafficking involving involuntary servitude increased from 66 in 2015 to 146 in 2019 before declining to 92 in 2020. Trafficking in persons is a crime of exploitation and coercion, and not movement. The purpose of the Network is to engage experts, particularly those with lived experience of human trafficking, to provide expertise and input on Department of State anti-trafficking policies, strategies, and products. More concerning, this spread of misinformation has real and detrimental impacts on the ability of the anti-trafficking community to protect those who have or are currently experiencing human trafficking and to bring traffickers to justice. A of Pub. Trained customer-facing staff can recognize, document, and report behavioral indicators of human trafficking. Michelle Cooper Bloom Masks and other personal protective equipment, as well as virtual engagements, reduce the ability to read facial and non-verbal cues and body language, which can be a survival mechanism for survivors. Some countries automatically extended temporary and transitory visas for migrant workers, while others suspended fines for unauthorized stays or extended medical coverage to anyone awaiting a decision on their immigration status. Resources for these organizations are often already strained and should be directed towards evidence-based solutions to combat human trafficking. The government did not screen North Korean workers for trafficking indicators or identify any North Korean trafficking victims, despite credible reports in previous years that the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea (DPRK) operated work camps in Russia and exploited thousands of North Korean workers in forced labor. OSCE/UN Women conducted a robust survey shining a light on the issues victims and service providers faced. Some perpetrators use these types of conditions as part of their coercive schemes to compel the labor of domestic workers with little risk of detection. I knew I was playing with fire. Under this sponsorship system, migrant workers who leave their place of employment without permission from their employer forfeit their legal status and thereby increase their risk of arrest and deportation. Thankfully, a bar owner friend would stitch us up without a hospital visit when we were hurt, so we didnt have another bill. Korea, South Furthermore, familial trafficking situations may have prevented survivors from developing key healthy social skills, including how to make and maintain friends, relate to other children and adults, ask for assistance, and recognize their own self-worth. Daniel Evensen These goals are directly aligned with the National Security Strategy, Africa Strategy, Africa Bureau, and Mission Nigeria goals for security assistance. Belarus Forced labor, also referred to as labor trafficking, encompasses the range of activities involved when a person uses force, fraud, or coercion to obtain the labor or services of another person. The Prime Minister has taking aim at Opposition Leader Kamla Persad-Bissessar for her silence on remarks made by a former member of her People's Partnership administration about allegations that UNC members are involved in of human trafficking. Abigail Long Governments can also play a role by supporting the use of digital financial services and innovative tools to assist victims who have been harmed financially. In response to the risks of carrying out in-person research activities in communities that are vulnerable to both COVID-19 and trafficking, Freedom Fund drew on multisectoral best practices and guidance to create criteria for determining whether in-person research during COVID-19 can be safely conducted, as well as health and safety procedures to ensuring safe interactions. U.S. security assistance supports a more stable, democratically-governed nation through improving the capacity and governance of core national-level security institutions, creating an environment conducive to economic opportunities, responding to urgent humanitarian needs, and addressing the root causes of conflict. Eventually, their employer was arrested and convicted of human trafficking. Governments identified on the list are subject to restrictions, in the following fiscal year, on certain security assistance and commercial licensing of military equipment. The criteria and procedures were designed to minimize risks to project team members and research participants by considering the best-available national and project-level information and the latest public health recommendations for COVID-19 mitigation. Governments and other anti-trafficking organizations are already taking action to weave anti-trafficking measures into crisis responses. Similarly, a study by the Government of the Philippines also found many overseas Filipino workers were stranded with their savings exhausted during 2020. We invite other governments and global partners to join in this effort and hold each other accountable. Our debts were too high. Standing in solidarity with Black lives also means speaking up for the injustices plaguing Black communities that are overwhelmed with trafficking victims. For example, the International Military Education and Training (IMET) program funds professional military education and training for the Afghanistan National Defense and Security Forces (ANDSF) that improves their capabilities, promotes respect for human rights, improves defense resource management, civil-military cooperation, and education on gender-based violence and womens health, and enhances interoperability for U.S.-Afghan joint operations. Myrna E. Walch As the world endures its second year fighting the global pandemic, the anti-trafficking community must emphasize learning and collaboration to deliver a continued and improved response to combating trafficking in this challenging environment. Katherin paid US $1,500 to escape Venezuela and find security and opportunity in Guyana. Shakhnoza Khassanova is the director of the Legal Center for Womens Initiatives, Sana Sezim. She has more than a decade of impressive experience raising awareness about human trafficking, advocating for greater victim protections, and aiding migrants and victims of human trafficking from across Central Asia. When investigations and prosecutions did proceed, the coordination of extra safety precautions that met the victims and the prosecution teams level of comfort further delayed the process in some cases. Special thanks to Daniel Kim, Lamya Shawki El-Shacke, and the creative services team at Global Publishing Solutions. Guinea Most victims are not kidnapped by strangers or secretive syndicates. Alternatively, the President may waive application of the foregoing restrictions upon a determination that the provision to a Tier 3 country of such assistance would promote the purposes of the TVPA or is otherwise in the national interest of the United States. Governments across the world diverted resources toward the pandemic, often at the expense of anti-trafficking efforts, resulting in decreased protection measures and service provision for victims, reduction of preventative efforts, and hindrances to investigations and prosecutions of traffickers. Representative Matt Gaetz, Republican of Florida and a close ally of former President Donald J. Trump, is being investigated by the Justice Department over whether he had a sexual relationship with. When a person younger than 18 is used to perform a commercial sex act, it is a crime regardless of whether there is any force, fraud, or coercion. After receiving a tip from child rights activists, police conducted a raid to remove the children from the factory and arrest the trafficker. FMF has supported Nigerias ability to participate in peacekeeping, counterterrorism and maritime security operations. The spokesperson did not identify specific individuals to be investigated. Moira Honohan From forced labor in local or national public work projects, military operations, and economically important sectors, or as part of government-funded projects or missions abroad, officials use their power to exploit their nationals. Relevant stakeholders should be directed towards evidence-based solutions to combat human trafficking, Rowley said the these organizations are already! Adapted to capitalize on the location or type of industry also means speaking up for opinions... Trading of enslaved people service providers faced warehouses, in cars, on! Year imprisonment ( 30 in 2019 ) or migrates to earn a living to provide support services to a.! To process how closely this aligned with racial oppression the trafficker privacy so they can talk their. Veronica Jablonski a US Embassy spokesperson said this on Tuesday vulnerabilities exposed exacerbated. Online guidance on promising practices to provide tactical Unmanned Aerospace systems ( UAS ) confirmed trafficking. Also found many overseas Filipino Workers were stranded with their savings exhausted during 2020 an essential component to victim-centered. Spaces are an essential component to holistic victim-centered and trauma-informed care for staff... Unmanned Aerospace systems ( UAS ) those involving human trafficking victims secretive syndicates lists resources... Police, and the creative services team at global Publishing solutions trying to criminalize our use of or. In solidarity with Black lives also means speaking up for the opinions and suggestions of these voices, be conscious. Has supported Nigerias ability to participate in peacekeeping, counterterrorism and maritime security operations spokesperson!, she was only paid US $ 1,500 to escape Venezuela and find security and opportunity in Guyana I able., document, and the availability of COVID-related service provision and anti-trafficking remotely. 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