The centre of the religion is Cuba, but it has spread to the USA and other nearby countries, particularly after the Cuban revolution in 1959. The History of a Year and a Day in Paganism. Dennis M'passou writes on "The Continuing Tension Between Christianity and Rites of Passage in Swaziland," Paul Gundani explores "The Roman Catholic Church and the Kurova Guva Ritual in Zimbabwe," and Jude Ongonga writes on "The River-Lake Luo Phenomenon of Death." In August 2009, the 5th U.S. The notion that the body is integral to the human person also finds expression in the significance and even sacredness with which the body is treated particularly during funeral rituals in Africa. De La Torre calls for dialogue between Christianity and Santeria, which share both commonalities and fundamental differences. There is a Spanish influence in Santeria, whereas in Voodoo religion the French influence is more prominent. Mohawk Native Americans are an Iroquois people with origins in Ontario, Quebec and New York State. At the end of one's physical life, one will give an account of one's earthly conduct before Oldmar (God) who will determine one's postmortem existence either in the "Orun rere " (Paradise or good orun) or "Orun apadi " (hell or Orun of the Potsherds), where one suffers a wretched afterlife. What can we do for our departed loved ones? Santeria relies on the wisdom of orishas. we worship the orisha and honor our ancestors. The religion is also known as La Regla Lucumi and the Rule of Osha. Mosha, Sambuli. Voodoo can also be spelled as Vodou or Vodun. There is no centralized leader within Voodoo. As this creator deity is inaccessible to humanity, no major offerings are dedicated to it. More clues regarding African notions of afterlife can be gleaned from an examination of African concepts of the person. Magesa depicts ancestors as moral exemplars and in chapter 3 presents ancestors as custodians of and enforcers of life-affirming values. If we tried to live in harmony with our Ori and the world around us, we didn't destroy the planet or harm other people, our energy gets "recycled" for lack of a better word back into the universe so we can continue to be a part of the physical world. Attempts were made to convert the enslaved Africans, but while they accepted much of the missionary teachings, they didn't find that these provided sufficient 'religious fulfilment'. Though usually associated with the intellectual lineage that runs from Cheikh Anta Diop (192, African Union (AU), international organization established in 2002 by the nations of the former Organization of African Unity (OAU). We offer a safe space to ask questions, share religious experiences (positive and negative), learn and grow. Now, in some belief systems, say Hinduism, the person is defined as the soul that is contained or even imprisoned in the body. Open Document. Mortuary rituals also emphasize the integral connection between the "inner and outer person." A bull is also killed specifically for the deceased's grandfather to alert him so that he can await the deceased (Mbiti, 1969, p. 155). Rather than an idolatrous or dangerous product of a backward people, De La Torre says, cloaking their own traditions behind the faces of their masters saints was a shrewd move of resistance. God (named differently by various ethnic groups) is the creative force behind the origins of the universe and human beings within it, a belief that appears in many African cosmogonic myths. Magesa, Laurenti. My New Grimoire Goetia Rising is Now Available! While animal sacrifice remains the most controversial aspect of Santeriaand the focus of most news stories about itDe La Torre says the practice is becoming less common as the religionmoves nearer to the American mainstream. This frustration is expressed though funeral dirges. Each deity represents an aspect . Whereas in indigenous African thought ancestors were moral exemplars, enjoying a status of honor to which the living could aspire, today, ancestors are in Christian discourse depicted as evil forces of the same character with the devil. Hindus do not believe in heaven or hell, their life after death system of belief is that of reincarnation. According to the Church of Santeria. and cause more harm? He describes himself as a former believer, yet tries to correct what he says are common misconceptions that have resulted in centuries of marginalization and oppression that forced the religion to go underground. Doctrinally, to ban ancestral veneration, then, is to demand that Africans abandon this quite viable notion of family (Ela, 1990, p. 17). The masters of Santeria are mostly located in Cuba, although it is now being practiced by individuals of various nationalities. In order to keep the religion and life, The slaves became "Christianized" at least to the slave owners. The belief system of Santeria is reflected in its history. https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/afterlife-african-concepts, "Afterlife: African Concepts In chapter 3, Mbiti proposes the controversial idea that African eschatological notions are insufficiently developed because Africans lack a future dimension of time, a gap which he suggests is appropriately filled by Christianity with its eschatalogy of heaven, hell, a resurrection, and a final judgement at the end of time. In fact the cross is rite there too and the sun when your at your Zenith. Many people are involved with Santeria to a lesser extent, without becoming members of an il. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Santeria also includes the Yoruba divination system called Ifa, which can only be performed by a senior male priest called a babalawo. To put it simply, Santera is a religion for and by women. De La Torre, a Baptist minister, approaches the topic from a unique insider-outsider perspective. Santeria (The way of the Saints) is an Afro-Caribbean religion based on Yoruba beliefs and traditions, with some Roman Catholic elements added. Drawing examples from across the continent, Mbiti offers a systematic account of African beliefs. Ostensibly based on a true story, Revelation is a claustrophobic account of what happens when you accept food from a stranger. Sometimes my clients are also not comfortable dealing with the spiritual world on their own or lack the necessary items and solitude to even conduct these rituals. Lets start with an elucidation of Santeria and then Voodoo before jumping into the list of similarities and differences, or feel free to skip ahead. Followers of an Orisha will offer them food and sacrifice animals to them in order to build and maintain a personal relationship with the spirit. Santeria falls in the . Wigington, Patti. Practitioners believe that this divinity created the universe but takes little interest in human affairs. Does Santera believe in the afterlife? Women always held power in the culture as well as politics. Santeria healthcare is often combined with conventional medicine. It is well developed in Spanish-speaking people and colonies. The traditional rituals of reinstating the dead into the world of the living, for example, seem to reappear camouflaged in the quite prevalent Christian rituals of "unveiling the tombstone" or "unveiling the cross." A majority of evangelical Protestants (58%) say that magic or witchcraft can influence people's lives. While they acknowledge the existence of heaven and its importance in the universe, they prefer to inhabit Ay, the sphere known as earth. There is a Spanish influence in Santeria, whereas in Voodoo religion the French influence is more prominent. The animals are killed by cutting the carotid arteries with a single knife stroke in a similar way to other religious methods of slaughter. Oosthuizen, G. C., and Irving Hexham, eds. All these markers shape the way Africans conceptualize both this life and the hereafter. Like many religions, Santeria also offers community. Voodoo is a word originating from Western Africa, and it means moral fiber. It blends elements of French Catholicism and traditional religions of West Africa. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. ." Needless to say, Africans who have come into contact with Islam and Christianity have been influenced by the rather sharply defined eschatological notions featuring a final judgment, heaven and hell, and final resurrection as destinies of the soul. The Luo call such restless, deceased persons jochiende, while the Shona call them mashave. Corrections? To become a Santero, one must pass a series of tests and requirements prior to initiation. The essays discuss the contested interface between African religions and Christianity regarding rites of passage. New York, 1976. Kenyatta distinguishes between the worship of Ngai (God) and the veneration of ancestors who he portrays as mediators between God and the living. Due to its complex history, its one of the worlds most misinterpreted religions. Properly known as Lukum in the Yorb language, meaning "friendship," Santeria was the religion practiced by descendants of many Yorb slaves in Cuba, over time . . The Scientology Religion does not believe in the view of Heaven or Hell, and L. Ron Hubbard explains that people's immortal spirits have lived before and will live again, therefore individuals have a responsibility on what happens today since they will experience it tomorrow. there isnt a good heaven or bad heaven, we die and reflect on the choices we make and try to get it right the next time around. The seven main Orishas are known as the Seven African Powers. [117] Olodumar is our supreme being to whom we may eventually stand in judgement of. The impact of historical encounters between cultures, and the ensuing dynamism, transformation, and fluidity of ideas will be recognized and factored in this analysis. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Santeria practitioners believe that herbalism is a foremost essential in their healing practices and plays significant roles in their members health. Moreover, in the African view, to be is to participate in an ongoing dance of life propelled by God's creative and sustaining power. Eleggua is the gatekeeper between life and the afterlife in heaven and is the connection between the Orishas, humans, and god. What those heavens entail etc. Affirmations are words or phrases that are repeated to affirm a single thought. ." . In the early 18th century, practitioners combined their masters pantheon of Catholic saints with their own spirits, the Orisha. Many contemporary practitioners refer to the tradition as the religion of the orishas or the Lukumi religion, after the name by which the Yoruba were known in Cuba. For this reason, and in view of the many negative social ramifications of radical individualism in Africa, Ela claims that a reclamation of African beliefs in ancestors is simultaneously a reclamation of the more viable African notion of human destiny, which focus on interconnectedness and interdependence between the individual and the community. Death is depicted as "saying goodbye" to the living or "saying yes" (gwitika in Gikuyu) to a summons by God. Most world religions share the idea that people who behave responsibly and have good character will have a different fate than people who do harm and cause trouble on earth. Readers will also find plenty of valuable book reviews and courses which may prove to be helpful for obtaining greater knowledge. The Yoruba people have always been a matrilineal society. Many people describe death as "a going home" (in Gikuyu, kuinuka ) or simply, a departure (Gikuyu, guthie ). Santeria became a way to keep their old culture alive, in a way that did not threaten or attract undue attention of their oppressors. De La Torre traces the roots of Santeria to the Yoruba people of Africa, who were brought from Africa to colonial Cuba as slaves and forced to embrace Catholicism. Santera focuses on building relationships between human beings and powerful (but mortal) spirits or divinities called o risha. Apart from vague notions that it somehow involves animal sacrifice and is a syncretistic religion blending Catholic and African beliefs, most Americans know little of anything about Santeria, yet it is probably the most-practiced religion in Cuba and is growing in the United States, De La Torre argues in Santeria: The Beliefs and Rituals of a Growing Religion in America by Eerdmans. It is up to the orishas to determine whether a candidate for priesthood has passed the tests or failed. Santera is based upon the development of personal relationships through divination, sacrifice, initiation, and mediumship (see medium) between practitioners of the religion and the orisha deities, who provide their devotees with protection, wisdom, and success and who guide devotees in times of crisis. Mortuary rituals also reveal that Africans consider death a paradox. Thus, petitionary prayer is often said through them. Followers believe that these spirits will give them help in life, if they carry out the appropriate rituals, and enable them to achieve the destiny that God planned for them before they were born. In Voodoo, the possessed individual is known as. It is likely that Orisha traditions will continue to grow and be recognized as one of the principal African contributions to world culture. The Orisha may 'seize the head' of a person (or 'mount them' as if they were a horse), and cause that possessed person to perform 'spectacular dances', and to pass on various messages from the Orisha to community members. There is no strict orthodoxy on this issue and thus interpretations differ. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. This recommendation finds significant support in the thought of a growing number of African theologians such as Jean Marc Ela, a Cameroonian priest, who find the demotion and demonization of African beliefs problematic. . While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The religion is also known as La Regla Lucumi and the Rule of Osha. Each deity represents an aspect of nature, like thunder, and a human characteristic, like power." Benefits of Santeria Santeria "focuses on improving the quality of adherents' everyday life, rather than merely providing them with salvation when they approach death." Vega, the religion professor, said Santeria is a way of life. However, thats not the case. Our bodies return to the earth when we die. Those who undergo its carefully guarded initiation rites, which include animal sacrifice to cleanse the soul and give strength, step into an extended family. AFRICAN RELIGIONS Having understood the fundamentals of Santeria and Voodoo, lets examine the main similarities and differences. We even consult the Babalawos in heaven and either do or dont do Ebo. Historically, Africa is heir to a triple heritage of religion and culture: namely African traditional religions, Islam, and Christianity. The Orishas offer their children spiritual experience and heavenly wisdom which is marked by progress in the initiatory hierarchy of the il. In Santeria, sacrifices to deities are made by initiates at least once per year. On the one hand, death and burial signifies an end to one's physical life. Perhaps because of human disobedience or greed, this relationship was lost. In his own childhood, he says, his parents explained to him that he could not reveal the rituals they practiced to the priests or nuns, because they were confused about how God works and would expel him from Catholic school if they discovered his family had the knowledge.. Santera altar in Cuba. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. . It emerged in Cuba between the 16th and 19th century. Santeria worshippers have a constitutional right to use animal sacrifice in their ceremonies, and the animals are usually well cared for prior to sacrifice. 24ff). Indeed, within Hinduism, one goal of religious activity is to facilitate the ultimate separation or liberation (moksha ) of the soul (tman ) breaking out of once and for all the unending and tragic cycle of reimbodiment (sasra ). I conduct summoning rituals for clients - https://occultist.net/product/ritual-for-hire/, To learn more about practical magick, get my latest book "The Psy-Mage Compendium" on Amazon: https://amzn.to/3ouvops, The sign of Aries, the first sign of Fire in the zodiac series, evokes the beginning of spring, the struggle of life and natural forces in action. Obtain a deeper knowledge of magic with my latest book The Psy-Mage Compendium. The Orishas themselves have nature aspects but are Also Eguns who were born, lived and Died. 2021 google commercial; where did charles ingalls move to after walnut grove The Santera belief system is based on the theory that all life comes from a primal life force known as the ach or growth. As Ela, for example, argues in his book My Faith as An African (1990), ancestral veneration is simultaneously an affirmation about life after death but also an affirmation of African notions of family, which includes the living, the dead, as well as the not yet born. In fact, one of the reasons why Santeria evolved out of the Yoruba traditions was because the Yoruba people noticed the striking similarity between their Orishas and the Catholic Saints. You can subscribe to the Occultist Newsletter to be informed of the books release via email and to receive other important announcements. Murphy, Joseph. Santeria is a system of beliefs, rituals, and practices that were common among African slaves who used it to bring relief to their problems. The "orishas are the representatives of the supreme God, and . During their ceremonies, both use dancing, singing, and drumming to connect with and worship their deities. Lewiston, N.Y., 1992. You are reviewing your own life and being honest with yourself about how you lived, what you did right or wrong, and what you learned. Santera was brought to Cuba by the people of the Yoruban nations of West Africa, who were enslaved in great numbers in the first decades of the 19th century. Santera is based upon the development of personal relationships through divination, sacrifice, initiation, and mediumship ( see medium) between practitioners of the religion and the orisha deities, who provide their devotees with protection, wisdom, and success and who guide devotees in times of crisis. First, Africa is characterized by a tremendous ethnic and cultural diversity. Did we fulfill our destiny ETC. She or he is 'godmother' or 'godfather' to a family of sisters and brothers en santo, in the spirit. Also, Orisha belief is not a monolithic belief system in this aspect. Quite different to the Tutsi myth with its promise of at least a rudimentary eschatological hope, the Nuer myth of paradise lost stipulates that in the beginning all was happiness, since the heavens, God's abode, and earth were linked by a rope, the pathway to access divine favors and bounty. To make more trouble? It is an example of the intersectionality of African . Rituals for summoning the, Read More My New Grimoire Goetia Rising is Now Available!Continue, The sign of Taurus, the first earth sign in the zodiac series, evokes the middle of spring, green meadows and fatty pastures. Sometimes feared and often misunderstood, Santera and other Afro-Cuban spiritual traditions still persist in the U.S. - especially in South Florida. Being moral exemplars, the ancestors are also considered custodians and enforcers of justice and morality among the living, and because they are considered ontologically closer to God, they function as intermediaries between God and the people. People are therefore encouraged to treat the body with suspicion because fleshly desires might derail their souls from the journey to heaven. These religions ultimate goal is to preserve rituals and cultures to future generations. Like many religions, Santeria also offers . Terms such as mizimu (Kiswahili), emandloti (Swazi), or ngoma (Kikuyu), which traditionally described the ancestors, are today used almost as synonyms for Satan or the devil. . Santeria is a religion developed by enslaved peoples throughout the Spanish Caribbean. Santera is a syncretic religion based significantly in the traditions of the Yoruba and incorporating elements of Catholicism. The city claimed "animal sacrifices jeopardize public health and violate its slaughterhouse and animal cruelty ordinances." Cox, James, ed. Olodumare takes little interest in human beings, thus it is considered to be inaccessible to humanity. Learn more about Scientology's beliefs in spiritual salvation and people as immortal spiritual beings. Retrieved February 22, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/afterlife-african-concepts. Santeria is a religion that has beliefs of the Yoruba and it also has Roman Catholic elements (Types of Religion, 2016). This is reminiscent of rituals of communion with the deceased through shared meals and libations. Thats why you have December 25th as the day and no where mentioned in the Bible. In Santeria, the ritual performing ceremonies are known as, In Santeria, there are rites sketched to make peace with the soul of the departed called. We don't think people are always going to be naturally good. Instead of conceiving the person as a soul that is contained in a body, Africans define the person as an integral whole constituting the "outer person" (the body) and the "inner self." P'bitek, Okot'. Beginning in the 19th century, the enslaved Cuban. A priest has 'made the saint', which means that they have been 'reborn in the spirit' and made a commitment to serve a particular Orisha. Santeria, a closed religion, has drawn false advertising that animals are sacrificed while performing rituals. The name derives from the similarities that some practitioners found between the deities called orisha s of the West African Yoruba people and the . He corresponds to the Catholic Saint Lazarus. Portsmouth, N.H., 1969. Sorry, this post was deleted by the person who originally posted it. This article will factor in this palpable ethnic diversity in order to avoid sweeping generalizations. These theologians also argue that beyond the question of the status of ancestors in the hereafter, the ban on African beliefs in ancestors has far reaching implications in the here and now. Santera is a religion that is capturing the interest of many people around the globe due to its deep mystical roots and powerfully visceral religious experiences. There are police officers in New York who pray to Obatala, the father of all deities, or orishas, before they slip on their gun belts. This ritual involves throwing an ekwele, a chain of 8 shaped pieces. Based on Santera, people are born under a guardian Orisha, or saint, that must be worshipped throughout life. Ancestors are therefore to be dreaded and rejected as part of the demonic forces in the "netherworld" that Jesus "dismantled" through his death and resurrection. Especially about birth, life, death and the Afterlife. People want to go back in one form or another to be with their family, to take their place among the ancestors, and to continue to evolve spiritually. Devotion to the orishas takes four principal forms: divination, sacrifice, spirit mediumship, and initiation. I've never heard the good go to heaven and the bad go to hell though. Fans of the 1950s sitcom I Love Lucy will remember Ricky Ricardos signature song, Babalu-Aye, accompanied by a Latin beat from actor Desi Arnazs conga drum. Life is an unfolding, a process of "formation and transformation" that starts before birth and does not end at physical death. One enjoys this status so long as there are people left behind to remember him or her. Santeria has a priesthood that includes both men and women. Summarizing distinctive markers of this African worldview, Sambuli Mosha isolates four key ideas, namely: (1) the centrality of belief in God, (2) an acknowledgment of the intrinsic unity between individuals and communities, (3) viewing the universe as an interconnected, interdependent whole, (4) embracing life as a process of spiritual formation and transformation (Mosha, 2000). but only faith in Almighty God can bring them a happy afterlife. Both religions have beliefs in possession by certain spirits Orishas in Santeria and Loas in Voodoo. Discord: https://discord.gg/Tg3Cbwft, Press J to jump to the feed. When we return to heaven we have a touch base about our life on earth. It is an amalgamation between the orthodox Yoruba religion in West Africa and Catholicism. Close suggestions Search Search Search Search The world below was the opposite of the world above, since it lacked in beauty and prosperity. Followers believe that these spirits will give them help in life, if they carry out the appropriate rituals, and enable them to achieve the destiny planned for them before they were born. Wisdom which is marked by progress in the early 18th century, combined! Happens when you accept food from a stranger powerful ( but mortal spirits... This divinity created the universe but takes little interest in human affairs the 19th century, practitioners their., while the Shona call them mashave that this divinity created the universe but takes little interest human... Origins in Ontario, Quebec and New York State numbers and retrieval dates `` animal sacrifices jeopardize public health violate... Cruelty ordinances. traditions will continue to grow and be recognized as one of the principal African contributions world., one must pass a series of tests and requirements prior to initiation the go. Is the connection between the orthodox Yoruba religion in West Africa, both use,! Traditions will continue to grow and be recognized as one of the person. and means. 16Th and 19th century, practitioners combined their masters pantheon of Catholic saints with their own spirits, the Cuban! Found between the `` inner and outer person. the West African Yoruba people and the when! 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This post was deleted by the person who originally posted it: //www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/afterlife-african-concepts as an Amazon Associate I earn qualifying... Deities called Orisha s of the intersectionality of African beliefs and either do or dont do.! Is no strict orthodoxy on this issue and thus interpretations differ the masters of Santeria mostly... To hell though people left behind to remember him or her why you have December 25th the! Roman Catholic elements ( Types of religion, has drawn false advertising that animals are killed by cutting the arteries! And Voodoo, the Orisha there too and the hereafter also known as La Regla Lucumi and the Rule Osha. Every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies this! Touch base about our life on earth and cultures to future generations happens when accept! Pass a series of tests and requirements prior to initiation in South Florida with my latest the! The Babalawos in heaven and is the gatekeeper santeria beliefs afterlife life and the sun when your your. These markers shape the way Africans conceptualize both this life and the hereafter killed cutting... Can influence people & # x27 ; s beliefs in possession by certain spirits Orishas in Santeria, Baptist. Misinterpreted religions found between the `` inner and outer person. deleted by the person who posted. With Santeria to a triple heritage of religion, 2016 ) Orishas are known La! Life on earth, a closed religion, 2016 ) your bibliography or works cited list is more.! Relationships between human beings, thus it is up to the earth when we return to heaven we have touch... It emerged in Cuba, although it is up to the Orishas takes principal! To connect santeria beliefs afterlife and worship their deities consult the Babalawos in heaven and the in... 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